Improvement in looms



W 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. H. D. DAVIS. LOOM.

No. 110,904. Patentgd Jan. 10. 1871 FIG. I

tron ditto.

HIL AS" 1). DAVIS,-' OF NORTH ANDQVER, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 110,904, dated January 10, 1871.

IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.

I, HILAS D. DAVIS, of North Andover, in the county of Essex and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Looms, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention consists of 1 several modifications in the construction offancy looms,-so called, by which the operations of, those parts of theloom to which the modifications relate are much improved.

My improvementsrelate, in the first place, to the mechanism for workingthe heddles, and the kind of harness-mechanismto which they are applied,as herein shown amldescribed, is that when the heddles are worked byjacks which slide lengthwise and are attached by cords or otherconnections to the several leaves of heddles, and are carried up or downby a lifter and depressor, which engage with notches or hooks on thejacks, and are all brought to a central position by ev'euers, in ama'nner well known to the trade.

The jacksthat I use work in guides near their upper and lower ends, andthe upper guide is made movable, so as to swing the upper end of thejack cit-her toward the lifter orthe depressor, to cause it to engagewith one or the other, as the pattern-chain shall determine.

. The first improvement in'this part of my invention consists in workingthe movable guide for each jack by a cam, which has a rest, so called,at each limit of its movement, so that it thereby locks the guide andprevents any strain upon the jack fi'om reacting upon the pattern.nechanism,.which places the guide in position, and also insures theconnection between the jack and the litter or dcpresser until released'by the pattern-chain; and it also consists in combining with the jack,the guide,-and the cam, a pair ofneedle's or pushers, and adoublepattern-chain, and suitable eonnectiug mechanism, so that the saidcam will move the jack in both directions by a positive motion derivedfrom the mttcrn-ehain.

The second im 'novement consists in arranging ,the evencrs near thelower ends of the jacks, and so forming both that one of the cvenersshall serve as the guide for the lower ends of. the jacks, as will bedescribed.

The third improvement consists in forming upon the jack a projecting lugand combining therewith two adjustable eye-pieces, to which the cords orother connections are respectively attached, which raise and depress theheddles, so that the length of the connections and the positions of theseveral leaves of beddlcs may be readily adjusted. I

The fourth improvement consists in the use, in combination with theheddlcs and jacks, of a series of duplexdiitercntial pulleys and cordsbetween the beddles and jacks, for the purpose of opening the shedevenly, by graduating-the movement of the heddles to the inclination ofthe warps, while all the jacks have the same extent of motion.lvly'improvements re1ate, in the second place, to the construction ofthe mechanism for working a series of shuttle-boxes at one or both endsof the loom.

The first improvement in this part of my invention consists in the useof a duplex series of wedges or inclines for moving the boxes, each ofwhich wedges has an incline adapted to move the boxes one grade, whichwedges are arranged in two reversed series, working in oppositedirections, and operate upon suitable intervening mechanism, so as tomove the shuttle-boxes in both directions by a positive motion.

The second improvement consists in combining the said wedges with jacks,which are worked by a lifter and depresser under the control of apattern-chain.

The third improvement consists in combining with each series of wedges aseries of guided rollers or blocks interposed between said wedges, so asto serve as movable abutlnents to said wedges and enable them totransmit their united efl'eot to the parts which move the shLittle-boxes.

The fourth improvement consists in combining two series of the saidwedges, and guided rollers or blocks, with the guided block whichimparts the mot-ion to the shuttle-boxes, and two fixed abutmcnts,between which the said system of wedges and .rollers or blocks act.

, The fifth improvement consists in combining with each jack, whichworks the shuttle-boxes, a detent, which holds it at res't'at itsextremes of motion, until it is moved therefrombya new engagement withthe litter or depressor, as determined by the patternchain.

The sixth improvement consists in combining the jacks that work theheddles' and the jacks that work the shuttle-boxes with the lifter,depresser, and other accessory mechanism which actuates them, into onesystem, so that all the jacks can be'worked by the same kind ofsubordinate parts from the same patterncard, and by the same mechanism.

' Description In the drawing- Figure 1 is a front elevation of so muchof a loom as will show the application of my improvements;

Figure 2 is an elevation of a partof the back side of the same; 1

Figure 3 is an end elevation of the same;

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation, showing the constrnction of thenfechanism for working the heddles;

Figure 5 is a sectional elevation, showing the conmoved.

A- is the frame of the loom.

B, the lay. B, the shuttle-boxes. O O, the picker-staffs.

D, the lay-shaft.

E E, the connecting-rods, to work the lay from-the cranks D D.

F, the heddles;

F, the cording for the same working upon the shives G, all constructedand operating in the usual man:

ner, except so far as modified by my improvements.

- H is a crank upon the endof thelay-shaft D, which,

through the connecting-rod H, imparts a reciprocat- -'iug motion to thesliding rod 1', which carries the depresser I and one of the eveners I;and from this, by means of the connecting rod k, balance-lever 1t, and

connecting-rod It, a corresponding motion in the opposite direction isimparted to the sliding rod J, which carries the lifter J- andthe evenerJ .K K, 8tcl, are the jacks which work the heddles,

and

K, 850., are the jacks which work the shuttleboxes.

The jacks are all provided with hooks to work with the lifter anddepresser, and the general mode of operation of these parts is similarto what has been before used.

The jacks are arranged vertically, and their upper .ends work in guidesL, which slide horizontally to engage the jacks with the lifter ordepresser, and are moved by a vertical slide, M,whic'h has a cam-groove,

MQ-in which a roller or pin, a, on. the guide L, works.

The groove M has its ends parallel with the line of its motion, so that,when it is thrown up or down, the pin a rests in this part and locks theguide, and prevents any strain upon the guide from moving it or reactingupon the mechanisms beyond it, and holds the jack in connection with thelifter or depresser, as the case may be.

Y The slides M are moved up and down by the rocking'levers N, which areoscillated in one direction or the' other'by the needles or pushers I)b, which are connected with the lever N on either side of its axis, asshown, and are raised in the required order by the cards O O 860.,-of-the pattern-chain. The needle b raises the slide M, and the needle I)depresses it, so that all the movements of the parts between the jackand pattern-chain are positive and under control of the chain in amanner similar to what is described in another application for LettersPatent now pending.

The pattern-prism O is mounted upon an axis, 0', fixed in the verticalsliding rod P, which receives a reciprocating motion, through theconnectiuga'od P, from the crank Q upon the shaft Q.

I This. shaft receives its motion from the lay-shaftl) by means of theinclined shaft R and the bevel-gears at the top and bottom thereof,which give the shaft Q a coincident rotation with the lay-shaft.

The prism O is rotated and'held by'the hook-pawl S anddetent T in theusual manner.

The pattern-cards'O are made of sufificient length to provide patternsurface for the jacks that work the heddles, and also those which workthe shuttle-boxes. The jacks that work the heddles are more clearlyrepresented in fig. 4.

They are guided. at the top by the guides L, already described, andtheir lower ends are made forked or with a long slot, 0, which embracesthe lower eveoer 1 and works thereon as the lower guide.

The evener also carries collars upon the outsides of the series ofjacks, which keep them in their proper positions in, that direetion, sothat the evener forms the sole guide for the lower ends of the jacks.

Just above thisslot 0 there is a projection or arm, d, which isprovidedwith a vertical mortise, in which two eye-pieces, f and g,aresecured, to which the harness cords h and t and attached.

These eye-pieces are provided with graduated notch-es upon the edgeswhich come together, so that the eyes may be brought nearer together orfurther apart; and the eye-piece g is also provided with notches on theedge next the jack, which engage with a .pin or projectionin the mortisein the projection 11.

The eye-pieces are secured in the mortise by the key By this arrangementthe'harness-cords may be adjusted both as to length and position.

The cordsh and 1 lead to the difi erential pulleys I 1,860., which aremadedouble or with two grooves for the cords, one of them of smallerdiameter than the other. In one of the grooves (the larger) the cord hor t, leading from the jack, works, and in the other the cord 1*", whichleads to one leaf of the hcddles in the usual manner. Two of thesepulleys are shown separately in fig."6.

The diameter of the smaller scores of the shives are graduated to theextent of movement that its leaf of the heddles should havetoopen theshed evenly,

so that while all the jacks have the same extent of motion the motion ofeach leaf of heddles 'is graduated to the position it occupies in theset. The shive l, which is connected with the back leaf of the lieddies, may be made single in the usual way, so that that leaf .will havethe full extent of motion that is given to the jack, and the othershives would be graduated to it.

As the shives or pulleys l are of twice the thickness of the usualsingle shive,'theyare arranged in two series, one over the other, to getthem into a space equal in breadth to that occupied by the heddles.

The lower ends of the shuttle-box jacks K" are each jointed to aslide,'K, which works in suitable guides attached to the frame, as seenin fig. 5. slides has two inclined notches,-o '0, in which thespring-detent 1) works to hold the jack in its upper or lower position,as the case may be, until it .is moved therefrom by the lifter ordepresser, when a'change in the engagements of the jacks is produced bythe pate tern-chaiu. Thelifter and depresser each move the shuttle-boxjacks in one direction only, and do not bring the jack back .to thecentral position with their return movement.

To the lower end of each slide K are jointed two cam-wedges, qq', theconstruction of the lower ends of which is seen more clearly in" fig. 7These wedges all work in a long vertical mortise, 'U,'- in theguideblock U". This mortise is intersected by a horizontal slot, 1', inwhich "the bearings of a series of rollers, s, work, upon which thewedges q operate.

The roller 5'. is mounted upon a pin which extends through the slot 1',and'is fixed in the end of the conmeeting-rod V, which connects with thebent lever W, the opposite end of which is connected with theshuttle-box standard, asi's shown, and by means of which theshuttle-boxes are placed in position. The lower ends of the wedges q areof the form shown in fig. 7, and thespaces between themjare filled bythe properly forming them they may have a roller only between everyother two.

Now, as one wedge of each kind is attached to ea Each of said jack, itfollows that when one wedge is forced in bevecn the rollers s its mateis drawn out, and vice eerslqwhich moves the roller s and its connectiontoward one end or the other of the mortise U a distance just sufficientto move the shuttle-boxes one. grade; and if two wedges are forced inthey will move the boxes two grades, and so on.

The order in which the wedges shall be worked is determined by thepattern-chain which determines which jack shall engage with the lifteror dep resser, as has been described If no change is made by thepattern-chain the jacks will remain at rest, being heldby the detent 1).

W W are the picker-cams. They are placed upon the lay-shaft D at eachside of the loom, and have each one projection or operatingincline,.which are set to coincide with each other.

X X are the picker-levers. They are each mounted on an axis or stud, u,fixed in the side of the loom, and are made to slide laterally thereonsufficient to carry the lever to one side ofthe cam, so that the camwill not operate it. I prefer to make the cam of a'circnlar plate, witha cylindrical pln or boss projecting from the side, as shown, whichworks upon the end of thepicker-lever, which has a curved face of suchform as will give the desiredjmovement to the lever; but other forms ofcam and lever may obviously be used in the same way. The hub v of eachlever is made with a groove, 1;, in which the forks of the shipper wwork. The shippers w are fixed upon the rod Y, and" at such distanceapart that when one picker-lever is engaged with its cam the other-willbe carried beyond its cam, so as not to be operated.

Upon the rod Y is also fixed the guide-piece x, which works in thegroove of the regulating patterncam g, which is mounted upon an axis, y,and is attached to the gear '1 which engages with a pinion upon thelay-shaft, not shown. The cam 31 is,as

shown, made with its helical groove so formed as to bring thepicker-levers alternately to their cams W \V and throw a shuttlealternately from opposite sides, and therefore makes one revolution totwo of the lay-shalt but if it is desired to throw a shuttle twice insuccession from the same side of the loom, then the cam should have itsgroove made to correspond to that order of picking, and the ratio of therevolutions of the cam and lay-shaft should be one to four, and othermodifications of the same character may obviously be used.

The picker-levers X X are counectedwith the picker-staffs O by straps ZZ working around the fixed pulleys Z in a well-known manner.

The several improvements which I have'described are. obviouslysusceptible of various modifications in and lock the same, substantiallyas described.

2. In combination with the jack, the guide, and'the cam-slide, a pair ofneedles or pushe'rs and adouble pattern-chain, substantially asdescribed.

3. The eveners and jacks, constructed and combiued so that one of theeveners willserve asaguide forthe lower ends of the jacks, substantiallyas described. r V.

4. In combination with the jack, the two adj ust'able eye-piecesattached to the central part of the jack, substantially as described.

5. The duplex differential pulleys and cords, in combination with thejack and leaf of heddles substantially as described.

6. The duplex series of reversed wedges, with the parts subordinatethereto, for working the shuttleboxes, substantially as described:

7. The combination, with said wedges, either singly or in pairs, of ajack or-jacks, which are Worked by V a lifter or depresser under thecontrol of a patternchain or its equivalent, substantially as described.

'8. The combination of a series of wedges with a series of guidedrollers or blocks interposed between said wedges, so as to transmittheirunited efi'ect to the parts which move the shuttle-boxes, substantiallyas described.

9. The combination of the two series of wedges and guided rollers orblocks with the guided roller or block which moves the shuttle-boxes,and two fixed abutments, between which the system of wedges 'and rollersor blocks acts, substantially as described.

10. In combination with each jack which works the shuttle-boxes, adetent, which holds the .jack at rest at its extremes of motion,substantially as described.

11. The combination and arrangement of the series of jacks that work theheddles and the series of jacks that work the shuttle-boxes, and thelifter and depressor, and pattern-chain, and the accessory mechanismthat actuates them, all constructed substantially as described.

Executed July 7, 1870. HILAS D. DAVIS. Witnesses:

G. E. WHITNEY, N. O. LOMBABD.

